Canopy-Derived Fuels Drive Patterns of In-Fire Energy Release and Understory Plant Mortality in a Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Sandhill in Northwest Florida, USA
نویسندگان
چکیده
Wildland fire radiant energy emission is one of the only measurements of combustion that can be made at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Furthermore, spatially and temporally explicit measurements are critical for making inferences about ecological fire effects. Although the correlation between fire frequency and plant biological diversity in frequently burned coniferous forests is well documented, the ecological mechanisms explaining this relationship remains elusive. Uncovering these mechanisms will require highly resolved, spatially explicit fire data (Loudermilk et al. 2012). Here, we describe our efforts at connecting spatial variability in fuels to fire energy release and fire effects using fine scale (1 cm2) longwave infrared (LWIR) thermal imagery.We expected that the observed variability in fire radiative energy release driven by canopy-derived fuels could be the causal mechanism driving plant mortality, an important component of community dynamics. Analysis of fire radiant energy released in several experimental burns documented a close connection among patterns of fire intensity and plant mortality. Our results also confirmed the significance of cones in driving fine-scale spatial variability of fire intensity. Spatially and temporally resolved data from these techniques show promise to effectively link the combustion environment with postfire processes, remote sensing at larger scales, and wildland fire modeling efforts. Résumé. L’émission d’énergie rayonnante des feux de forêt est l’une des seules mesures de combustion qui peut être faite à des hautes résolutions temporelles et spatiales. En outre, lesmesures qui sont spatialement et temporellement explicites sont essentielles en vue de faire des inférences sur les effets écologiques des feux. Bien que la corrélation entre la fréquence des incendies et la diversité végétale biologique dans les forêts de conifères fréquemment brûlées est bien documentée, les mécanismes écologiques expliquant cette relation restent, mal connus. Pour découvrir ces mécanismes, des données de feu à très haute résolution et spatialement explicite sont nécessaires (Loudermilk et coll. 2012). Nous décrivons ici nos efforts pour relier la variabilité spatiale des combustibles à la libération de l’énergie du feu et aux effets du feu à l’aide de l’imagerie thermique à infrarouge de grande longueur d’onde (LWIR) à une échelle fine (1 cm2). Nous attendions à ce que la variabilité observée dans l’énergie radiative libérée par le feu ait été alimentée par les combustibles issus de la canopée qui pourrait être le mécanisme causal menant à la mortalité des plantes, un élément important de la dynamique communautaire. L’analyse de l’énergie rayonnante des feux libérée dans plusieurs feux expérimentaux a montré un lien étroit entre l’intensité du feu et la mortalité des plantes. Nos résultats ont également confirmé l’importance des cônes comme source de la variabilité spatiale à l’échelle fine de l’intensité du feu. Les données spatialement et temporellement résolues à partir de ces techniques sont prometteuses pour relier efficacement l’environnement de combustion avec les processus post-incendie, la télédétection à plus grande échelle, et les efforts de modélisation des incendies de forêt.
منابع مشابه
Eight years of seasonal burning and herbicidal brush control influence sapling longleaf pine growth, understory vegetation, and the outcome of an ensuing wildfire
To study how fire or herbicide use influences longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) overstory and understory vegetation, five treatments were initiated in a 5–6-year-old longleaf pine stand: check, biennial arborescent plant control by directed herbicide application, and biennial burning inMarch,May, or July. The herbicide or prescribed fire treatments were applied in 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2005...
متن کاملPine Straw Harvesting , Fire , and Fertilization Affect Understory Vegetation within a Louisiana Longleaf
Pine straw harvesting con provide on economic benefit to landowners, but the practice may also change the composition of plant communities. This research was initiated in o 34-yeor-old stand of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.} established in 1956 to study how pine straw management practices (fertilization, prescribed fire, and straw harvesting) affected plant communities, and herein, effec...
متن کاملUsing silvicultural practices to regulate competition, resource availability, and growing conditions for Pinus palustris seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda forests
In the southeastern United States, many forest managers are interested in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustrisMill.) to upland sites that currently support loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We quantified the effects of four canopy treatments (uncut Control; MedBA, harvest to 9 m2·ha−1; LowBA, harvest to 5 m2·ha−1; and Clearcut) and three cultural treatments (NT, no treatment; H, herbicide rel...
متن کاملThe path back: oaks (Quercus spp.) facilitate longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedling establishment in xeric sites
Understanding plant–plant facilitation is critical for predicting how plant community function will respond to changing disturbance and climate. In longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems of the southeastern United States, understanding processes that affect pine reproduction is imperative for conservation efforts that aim to maintain ecosystem resilience across its wide geographic ran...
متن کاملLong term community changes following deer management in a remnant montane Pinus palustris forest
Montane longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests are currently dwindling due to fire suppression. Longleaf pine forests require reoccurring natural forest fires for longleaf regeneration and maintenance of the understory community composition. In many areas of the southeastern United States, decades of fire suppression have led to invasion of longleaf-dominated forests by deciduous hardwoods and...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016